Tram adjustment energy storage

Why are trams with energy storage important?

Trams with energy storage are popular for their energy efficiency and reduced operational risk. An effective energy management strategy is optimized to enable a reasonable distribution of demand power among the storage elements, efficient use of energy as well as enhance the service life of the hybrid energy storage system (HESS).

Which regenerative energy management strategy is best for a tramway?

The adaptive EMS allows better harnessing of regenerative energy than the RB-EMS. In this paper an adaptive energy management strategy (EMS) based on fuzzy logic and the optimal sizing for a tramway with a hybrid energy storage system (ESS) combining batteries (BT) and supercapacitors (SC) are presented.

How do energy trams work?

At present, new energy trams mostly use an on-board energy storage power supply method, and by using a single energy storage component such as batteries, or supercapacitors.

What is a hybrid energy storage system in Guangzhou Haizhu Tram?

The optimal HESS has less mass, size, cost and minimum charging state than original one in Guangzhou Haizhu tram. A hybrid energy storage system (HESS) of tram composed of different energy storage elements (ESEs) is gradually being adopted, leveraging the advantages of each ESE.

How energy management strategy is used in Guangzhou Haizhu trams?

An improved PSO algorithm based on competitive mechanism is developed to obtain the optimal energy management strategy. The obtained energy management strategy has better effects in energy reduction with application in Guangzhou Haizhu tram. Trams with energy storage are popular for their energy efficiency and reduced operational risk.

What are the different energy supplies for the catenary-free tram?

Schematic diagrams of different energy supplies for the catenary-free tram: (a) UC storage systems with fast-charging at each station (US-FC), (b) battery storage systems with slow-charging at starting and final stations (BS-SC) and (c) battery storage systems with fast-swapping at the swapping station (BS-FS).