Energy storage power supply on fire

What is an energy storage system (ESS) enclosure?

An energy storage system (ESS) enclosure typically comprises multiple racks, each containing several modules (Figure 1). These modules consist of numerous lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells, which function as rechargeable batteries designed to store and discharge electrical energy.

What are the standards for ESS fire suppression systems?

Two commonly referenced standards for ESS fire suppression systems are FM Global Data Sheet (FM DS) 5-33 and NFPA 855. In the event of thermal runaway, it is essential to rapidly cool the affected module and its surroundings to prevent a chain reaction of battery fires.

How do sprinkler systems protect ESS?

Sprinkler systems are the preferred method for protecting ESS due to their superior cooling capabilities, low cost, human safety, and environmental friendliness. While the rack frame may obstruct direct water flow to the cells, sprinklers can still effectively prevent a fire from spreading to adjacent racks.

Can a thermal runaway trigger a fire?

Courtesy: CTCI Thermal runaway, a process involving a series of exothermic reactions within a Li-ion battery, can trigger a fire.

Can fire barriers be installed between racks?

FM-approved fire barriers can be installed between racks to reduce water demand. NFPA 855 specifies the same sprinkler density as FM DS 5-33 but allows for the use of an alternate density if supported by large-scale fire testing in accordance with the UL 9540A Installation Level Test, Method 1.