The development trend of lead-free energy storage ceramics

Which lead-free bulk ceramics are suitable for electrical energy storage applications?

Here, we present an overview on the current state-of-the-art lead-free bulk ceramics for electrical energy storage applications, including SrTiO 3, CaTiO 3, BaTiO 3, (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5)TiO 3, (K 0.5 Na 0.5)NbO 3, BiFeO 3, AgNbO 3 and NaNbO 3 -based ceramics.

Are lead-free dielectric energy-storage ceramics a hot spot?

At present, the application of dielectric energy-storage ceramics is hindered by their low energy density and the fact that most of them contain elemental lead. Therefore, lead-free dielectric energy-storage ceramics with high energy storage density have become a research hot spot.

Can lead-free ceramics be used for Advanced pulsed power systems?

This includes exploring the energy storage mechanisms of ceramic dielectrics, examining the typical energy storage systems of lead-free ceramics in recent years, and providing an outlook on the future trends and prospects of lead-free ceramics for advanced pulsed power systems applications. Graphical Abstract

How stable is energy storage performance for lead-free ceramics?

Despite some attention has been paid to the thermal stability, cycling stability and frequency stability of energy storage performance for lead-free ceramics in recent years, the values of Wrec, cycle numbers and frequency are often less than 5 J cm−3, 106, and 1 kHz, respectively.

Are lead-free ceramic dielectrics suitable for energy storage?

However, the thickness and average grain size of most reported lead-free ceramic dielectrics for energy storage are in the range of 30–200 μm and 1–10 μm, respectively. This may impede the development of electronic devices towards miniaturization with outstanding performance.

What is a lead-free ceramic?

Among various lead-free materials, including Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 (BNT) 9, BiFeO 3 (BF) 10, and BaTiO 3 (BT) 11, K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 (KNN)-based ceramics are one of the most extensively studied dielectric for advanced energy storage applications 1, 2, 3, 4, 12.