Mechatronics energy storage communication energy storage battery recycling

What are the applications of battery recycling?

Applications in the reuse phase include energy storage systems (ESSs), communication base stations (CBSs), and low-speed vehicles (LSVs). When the batteries are subjected to the EOL stage, pretreatment and three recycling technologies are considered, including hydrometallurgical, direct, and pyrometallurgical recycling.

Do we need energy storage solutions?

“We need energy storage solutions to make them permanent,” says researcher and electric battery expert Philippe Knauth in an interview for bbva.com. He also points out that the democratization of energy depends on “the combination of renewable energies and energy storage.”

What are the reuse and recycling pathways of lithium-ion batteries?

Fig. 1: Reuse and recycling pathways considering economic and environmental functions. Our method encompasses the system boundaries of the lithium-ion battery life cycle, namely, cradle-to-grave, incorporating new battery production, first use, refurbishment, reuse, and end-of-life (EOL) stages.

Could a battery energy storage system democratize access to electricity?

Moreover, battery energy storage systems (BESS) could help democratize access to electricity. “In remote areas, such as in the mountains or in poorer countries, coupling renewable power with storage is a must for bringing energy to more people,” Knauth says. Yet energy storage systems have their hurdles.

How can lithium-ion batteries address the Climate Challenge?

To address the climate challenge, it is essential to accelerate the transition to clean energy, where the lithium-ion battery (LIB) plays a significant role 2, 3, 4. LIBs currently serve as the dominant power source of electrified mobility and the fastest-growing stationary energy storage 5.

How much do NMC batteries cost?

For NMC batteries, the highest life cycle benefit is $66.67/kWh battery, which is achieved through direct recycling after CBS use from 90% to 40% SOH. The least profitable is the −$59.26/kWh battery using direct recycling of LSV-used batteries with 90% to 40% SOH.