Myanmar tram energy storage project factory operation

Is there an equivalent consumption minimization strategy for a hybrid tram?

An equivalent consumption minimization strategy is proposed and verified for optimization. This paper describes a hybrid tram powered by a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell (FC) stack supported by an energy storage system (ESS) composed of a Li-ion battery (LB) pack and an ultra-capacitor (UC) pack.

What is China's first fuel cell tram?

However, China’s first fuel cell tram, powered by a 150 kW fuel cell, 21 kWh Li-ion batteries and 0.5 kWh ultra-capacitors, was first tested in 2015 by CRRC Qingdao Si-fang Locomotive Co., Ltd in collaboration with our group, which is also focused in this paper.

What are the components of a tram?

This tram is firstly composed of the following elements: A Li-ion battery pack, an ultra-capacitor pack, two dc/dc bidirectional converters, tram loads, braking chopper, and energy management services. Latterly, to enhance drivability and range, a PEM FC stack and a dc/dc unidirectional converter are added, marked with star symbols in Fig. 1.

Why are trams a popular public transport?

Trams, for their merits of comfortable, environmentally friendly, great passenger capacity, low energy consumption and long service life, are popular public transport in large and medium-sized cities .

What are the driving cycles of a tram?

Driving cycles of the tram: (a) Speed, (b) Acceleration, (c) Mileage. Fig. 7 (a) gives three operation modes (OPM) of the tram: normal running (OPM = 0), UC charging (OPM = 1) and LB charging (OPM = 2). The time consumption proportion for three OPMs are 51%, 29% and 20%, respectively.

How many motor bogies does a tram have?

The tram is composed of bidirectional units with five articulated bodies resting on three motor bogies . The three motor bogies are driven by the tram traction system via an inverter box, which consists of three independent Variable Velocity Variable Frequency (VVVF) converters that supply the traction motors (one per wheel).