Energy storage fire control

What is a battery energy storage system?

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) have emerged as crucial components in our transition towards sustainable energy. As we increasingly promote the use of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind, the need for efficient energy storage becomes key.

What is an energy storage system (ESS) enclosure?

An energy storage system (ESS) enclosure typically comprises multiple racks, each containing several modules (Figure 1). These modules consist of numerous lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells, which function as rechargeable batteries designed to store and discharge electrical energy.

What are the standards for ESS fire suppression systems?

Two commonly referenced standards for ESS fire suppression systems are FM Global Data Sheet (FM DS) 5-33 and NFPA 855. In the event of thermal runaway, it is essential to rapidly cool the affected module and its surroundings to prevent a chain reaction of battery fires.

Why should a fire enclosure have a deflagration vent?

To enhance safety, enclosures should be equipped with vents to facilitate gas release and prevent accumulation. Since deflagration can occur even in the presence of fire suppression systems, the installation of deflagration vents at the top of the enclosure, compliant with NFPA 68, can help mitigate the risk of enclosure rupture during such events.

Can a thermal runaway trigger a fire?

Courtesy: CTCI Thermal runaway, a process involving a series of exothermic reactions within a Li-ion battery, can trigger a fire.