Factors of internal degradation of energy storage lithium batteries

How do you analyze electrode degradation in a lithium ion battery?

Analyzes electrode degradation with non-destructive methods and post-mortem analysis. The aging mechanisms of Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt-Oxide (NMC)/Graphite lithium-ion batteries are divided into stages from the beginning-of-life (BOL) to the end-of-life (EOL) of the battery.

How can you describe battery degradation?

Battery degradation can be described using three tiers of detail. Degradation mechanisms describe the physical and chemical changes that have occurred within the cell. These mechanisms provide the most detailed viewpoint of degradation but are also typically the most difficult to observe during battery operation.

Do lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) deteriorate?

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) do deteriorate over time, especially with real-world usage patterns that include rapid charging and discharging. Many publications have presented models to describe their degradation.

What are the main external stress factors for battery degradation?

From a user's perspective, there are three main external stress factors that influence degradation: temperature, state of charge (SoC) and load profile. The relative importance of each of these factors varies depending on the chemistry, form factor and historic use conditions, among others.

What is an example of an empirical battery degradation model?

For example, empirical battery degradation models for EVs often assume a regular daily charging pattern. Obtaining an accurate empirical model of battery degradation therefore requires that operation-specific battery ageing experiments be performed for each new application.

Why is battery capacity deteriorated?

This pattern highlights that an important factor contributing to the degradation of battery capacity, from 10 % to 20 %, is the deterioration of the electrode’s material and the resulting loss of available Li-ions. In the microscopic morphology observations, no evidence of Li-plating was identified in any of the four test cases.